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Monday, February 28, 2022

Elephant seal's map sense tells them when to head 'home' - Phys.org

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Elephant seal's map sense tells them when to head 'home'
This photo shows an adult female elephant seal returning from her 7-month foraging migration to breed on the beach at Año Nuevo Reserve. Credit: Dan Costa

Each year, pregnant female elephant seals take an approximately 240-day trek over 10,000 kilometers across the Eastern North Pacific Ocean before returning to their breeding beaches to give birth within five days of their arrival. Now, a study appearing February 28 in the journal biology Current Biology finds that this impressive navigation ability depends on an internal map sense, which functions much like a built-in GPS.

"We found that migrating elephant seals know how far they are from their breeding beach thousands of kilometers away," said Roxanne Beltran of the University of California Santa Cruz. "They also know approximately how long it will take them to get back."

Beltran and her colleagues, including Dan Costa, knew that elephant seals are expert navigators. What they didn't know was how the seals manage to make it back to the beach just in time for the breeding season.

In the new study, the researchers used satellite tracking data collected from more than 100 adult female seals. They figured out when each of them turned around to head back to the where they started from.

The data revealed that seals decided to turn around based strongly on how far away they were from where they needed to go. Their decisions to turn around weren't related to their , measured as amount of body fat.

Elephant seal's map sense tells them when to head 'home'
In this photo, lead author Roxanne Beltran and undergraduate student researchers Milagros Rivera and Natalie Storm search for uniquely identified elephant seals. Credit: Dan Costa

"We were surprised that foraging success or percent body fat was not more strongly related to when seals begin the return portion of the migration," Beltran said. "We expected that highly successful (i.e. fatter) seals might end their foraging trips earlier, but that was not the case; instead, it seems like they are well programmed to turn around strategically based on where they are and in turn how long it will take them to get back."

The researchers don't yet know what sensory cues the elephant seals depend on to keep track of where they are and head in the right direction at the right time, but it's clear that they can adjust the timing of their travels based on an internal perception of time and space.

Elephant seal's map sense tells them when to head 'home'
In this photo, researchers search for a female elephant seal that has just returned from her oceanic migration carrying instruments full of data. Credit: Dan Costa

The results help to better understand , with important implications for their conservation, the researchers say. In future studies, they hope to quantify exactly how precise the seals' navigation ability is and determine which cues are most important.


Explore further

Male elephant seals risk death in order to eat more and grow big enough to win mates

More information: Roxanne S. Beltran, Elephant seals account for time and space during long-distance migrations, Current Biology (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.031. www.cell.com/current-biology/f … 0960-9822(22)00042-2
Provided by Cell Press

Citation: Elephant seal's map sense tells them when to head 'home' (2022, February 28) retrieved 28 February 2022 from https://ift.tt/c6qu7mV

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Elephant seal's map sense tells them when to head 'home' - Phys.org
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